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A state in which chemical potentials satisfy reaction-equilibrium conditions and macroscopic composition has no net tendency to change under fixed constraints.
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This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Stable equilibrium minimizes the appropriate Gibbs energy subject to material, charge, and phase constraints at fixed temperature and pressure.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
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Thermodynamic mass action expresses equilibrium through activities; kinetic mass action is exact for elementary steps and model-dependent for overall reactions.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-chem-chemical-thermodynamicsopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-green-booknist-chemistry-webbookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The principle summarizes the direction of many stable-equilibrium responses but can mislead when constraints or coupled reactions are left unstated.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-chem-chemical-thermodynamicsopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-green-booknist-chemistry-webbookEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Acid–base equilibria combine equilibrium constants with solvent, charge balance, mass balance, and activity corrections.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
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At fixed temperature, the equilibrium activity quotient for a specified reaction equals its equilibrium constant.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-chem-chemical-thermodynamicsopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-green-booknist-chemistry-webbookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Solubility equilibrium is a heterogeneous chemical equilibrium between dissolved species and one or more phases.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
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