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Under its relativistic-QFT assumptions, spontaneous breaking of a continuous global symmetry implies gapless Nambu–Goldstone excitations, one per broken generator subject to the theorem’s qualifications.
wp-physics-goldstone_theoremnlab-physics-nambu_goldstone_modetong-standard-modeltong-gaugeEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
For spontaneous breaking of a continuous global symmetry under the theorem’s assumptions, Goldstone’s theorem requires gapless modes.
Record a genuine theorem implication that is not part of the target definition; these edges may point toward a weaker structure.
wp-physics-goldstone_theoremnlab-physics-nambu_goldstone_modeEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Each independent broken global generator gives a Nambu–Goldstone mode subject to relativistic-QFT qualifications.
Record a genuine theorem implication that is not part of the target definition; these edges may point toward a weaker structure.
wp-physics-nambu_goldstone_modenlab-physics-nambu_goldstone_mode