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An atom, ion, or molecule that binds a central atom through one or more donor sites in a coordination entity.
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Ligands are structural constituents of a coordination entity and can bind through one or several donor atoms.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-chem-inorganic-chemistryiupac-red-bookiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A ligand commonly acts as a Lewis base toward a central atom, with bonding that can also include metal-to-ligand back-donation.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-chem-inorganic-chemistryiupac-red-bookiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ligand identity affects both binding and departure in a substitution reaction, so donor properties, charge, chelation, and solvent exchange must be distinguished from a universal ligand ordering.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
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