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Statistical descriptions of relaxation, transport, driven systems, and nonequilibrium steady states. General systems far from equilibrium do not share a single universal variational principle comparable to equilibrium free-energy minimization.
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Continuous dynamical evolution provides one mathematical language for nonequilibrium processes; stochastic processes and kinetic equations supply additional, non-equivalent formulations.
A mathematical concept supplies part of the formal language, state space, representation, or analytic machinery used by a scientific or mathematical-physics concept. The source is the mathematical predecessor; this does not claim that physical content follows from mathematics alone.
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Fluctuation–dissipation relations contribute the linear-response sector near equilibrium by expressing response functions through equilibrium correlations; they do not cover arbitrary far-from-equilibrium dynamics.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
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Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics specializes the statistical framework to relaxation, transport, driving, and steady states outside equilibrium.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
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Stochastic processes model fluctuating trajectories, transport, and effective open-system dynamics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Deterministic kinetic and Hamiltonian descriptions are additional, non-equivalent formulations.
A mathematical concept supplies part of the formal language, state space, representation, or analytic machinery used by a scientific or mathematical-physics concept. The source is the mathematical predecessor; this does not claim that physical content follows from mathematics alone.
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