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The nonrelativistic spin- equation coupling a two-component spinor to electromagnetic fields, obtained from the Dirac theory at low velocity.
wp-physics-pauli_equationtong-quantumpenco-eftEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The Pauli Hamiltonian is obtained by a low-energy expansion of the Dirac theory in electromagnetic fields.
The target retains the degrees of freedom and interactions relevant below a stated scale or within a stated regime, while higher-energy or unresolved degrees of freedom from the source are integrated out, coarse-grained, or encoded in effective couplings.
wp-physics-pauli_equationwp-physics-dirac_equationnlab-physics-dirac_equationEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
For spin-independent interactions or after suppressing spin terms, the Pauli equation reduces to Schrödinger dynamics.
The target is recovered from the source either in a stated mathematical or asymptotic limit, or through a quantitatively controlled approximation with identified small parameters or omitted terms. The edge label and detail must state which case applies and its regime of validity.
wp-physics-schrodinger_equationnlab-physics-schrodinger_equationwp-physics-pauli_equation