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A macroscopically homogeneous phase containing two or more components whose molecular-scale mixing persists over the observation time.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A solution is a macroscopically homogeneous mixture; not every mixture is a solution and phase separation can depend on conditions.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-chem-stoichiometryopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Solute–solute, solvent–solvent, and solute–solvent interactions determine deviations from ideal mixing and influence phase behavior.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A solute is a component treated as dissolved in a chosen solvent or medium; multicomponent and concentrated systems can make the designation conventional.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A solvent is the component or medium chosen as the reference for a solution; the designation can depend on composition, phase, and convention rather than molecular identity alone.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A solution has activities defined relative to chosen standard states and composition scales; activity is inferred through a thermodynamic model or measurement rather than counted directly.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ideal-dilute vapor-pressure lowering, boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, and osmotic pressure depend on solute particle amount.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A solution can be described by concentration only after the amount basis, volume convention, temperature, components, and reference frame are stated; concentration is not chemical activity.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electrolyte solutions contain mobile ions and require charge-neutral, electrostatic, and speciation constraints.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Henry’s law is the limiting linear relation for a specified solute as its concentration approaches zero.
The target is recovered from the source either in a stated mathematical or asymptotic limit, or through a quantitatively controlled approximation with identified small parameters or omitted terms. The edge label and detail must state which case applies and its regime of validity.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The ideal-solution model provides a baseline from which excess properties and activity coefficients quantify nonideality.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-chem-solutionopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-solubility-dataiupac-gold-book