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The relativistic framework for nongravitational physics in inertial frames, with invariant light speed and Lorentz symmetry.
It neglects dynamical gravitation but constrains every relativistic local field theory, including the Standard Model.
wp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativityeinstein-special-relativitytong-relativityEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Fizeau’s result became an important constraint on ether theories and was naturally recovered by relativistic velocity addition; it was one historical input among several, not a unique origin of special relativity.
The source experiment, observation, anomaly, or problem materially motivated the development, revision, or acceptance of the target concept. Historical influence is not logical derivation; the edge detail states the documented role and avoids retrospective origin myths.
wp-physics-fizeau_moving_water_experimenteinstein-special-relativitytong-relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Four-vectors supply the Lorentz-covariant representation of events, velocities, currents, and momenta used throughout special-relativistic kinematics.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-four_vectornlab-physics-minkowski_spacetimewp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativitytong-relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Lorentz symmetry is the defining spacetime symmetry of special relativity.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-lorentz_symmetrywp-physics-special_relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The null result undermined simple stationary-ether models and became part of the experimental setting in which Lorentz invariance and special relativity were accepted; direct influence on Einstein’s 1905 reasoning remains historically uncertain.
The source experiment, observation, anomaly, or problem materially motivated the development, revision, or acceptance of the target concept. Historical influence is not logical derivation; the edge detail states the documented role and avoids retrospective origin myths.
wp-physics-michelson_morley_experimentaps-michelson-morleyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Special relativity specializes physical theory to nongravitational laws compatible with Lorentz symmetry.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
einstein-special-relativitywp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativitywp-physics-physical_theorynlab-physics-physical_theoryEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Special relativity fixes causal ordering through Minkowski light cones.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativityeinstein-special-relativitytong-relativitywp-physics-causal_structurenlab-physics-causal_structureeinstein-spacetimeThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The measured Doppler shift included the transverse second-order term predicted by special relativity.
The source theory, law, entity, prediction, or structural claim is directly tested, supported, constrained, or established by the target experiment or observation. Experimental support is not final logical proof; the edge detail states exactly what was measured.
wp-physics-ives_stilwell_experimentaps-ives-stilwellThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The null result constrained velocity-dependent light propagation and supported Lorentz-Einstein transformations.
The source theory, law, entity, prediction, or structural claim is directly tested, supported, constrained, or established by the target experiment or observation. Experimental support is not final logical proof; the edge detail states exactly what was measured.
wp-physics-kennedy_thorndike_experimentaps-kennedy-thorndikeThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Special relativity identifies invariant mass with total rest-frame energy divided by .
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-mass_energy_equivalencenlab-physics-special_relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Minkowski spacetime is the standard flat spacetime geometry of special relativity.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
einstein-spacetimewp-physics-minkowski_spacetimenlab-physics-minkowski_spacetimewp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Relativistic QFT in Minkowski spacetime incorporates Lorentz/Poincaré symmetry and causal locality; QFT as a general framework can also be formulated on curved or nonrelativistic backgrounds.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
cern-qft-introwp-physics-quantum_field_theorynlab-physics-quantum_field_theorywp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativityThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Relativistic particle mechanics specializes classical dynamics to Minkowski spacetime.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
wp-physics-relativistic_particle_mechanicstong-relativitywp-physics-special_relativitynlab-physics-special_relativity