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Under the locality, relativistic covariance, positive-energy, and Hilbert-space assumptions of standard relativistic QFT, integer-spin fields have bosonic statistics and half-integer-spin fields have fermionic statistics.
wp-physics-spin_statistics_theoremnlab-physics-spin_statistics_theoremtong-qftEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The spin–statistics connection follows under the stated structural assumptions, not from spin labels alone.
Record a genuine theorem implication that is not part of the target definition; these edges may point toward a weaker structure.
wp-physics-quantum_field_theorynlab-physics-quantum_field_theorycern-qft-introtong-qftwp-physics-spin_statistics_theoremnlab-physics-spin_statistics_theoremEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The theorem connects integer spin with bosonic exchange statistics under its assumptions.
Record a genuine theorem implication that is not part of the target definition; these edges may point toward a weaker structure.
wp-physics-spin_statistics_theoremnlab-physics-spin_statistics_theoremtong-qftwp-physics-bose_einstein_statisticsnlab-physics-particle_statisticstong-quantumThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The theorem connects half-integer spin with fermionic exchange statistics under its assumptions.
Record a genuine theorem implication that is not part of the target definition; these edges may point toward a weaker structure.
wp-physics-spin_statistics_theoremnlab-physics-spin_statistics_theoremtong-qftwp-physics-fermi_dirac_statisticsnlab-physics-particle_statisticstong-quantum