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Exterior derivative

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Summary

The canonical linear operator d:Ξ©k(M)β†’Ξ©k+1(M)d:\Omega^k(M)\to\Omega^{k+1}(M) extending the differential of smooth functions, satisfying d2=0d^2=0 and the graded Leibniz rule.

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Smooth manifoldExterior derivative

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This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.

Authored explanation

Smooth coordinate changes make the exterior derivative of differential forms globally well defined, independently of the local chart used to calculate it.

How to interpret this relation type

Apply a standard functorial or canonical construction whose output is not merely a reduct of the input and is not generally an equivalent presentation of the same object.

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Exterior derivativede Rham complex

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This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.

Authored explanation

Repeated exterior derivatives vanish, so the spaces of differential forms and the operator dd form the de Rham cochain complex.

How to interpret this relation type

The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.

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