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A law constraining spontaneous macroscopic processes: the entropy of an isolated system does not decrease, with equality for an ideal reversible process. Equivalent formulations restrict cyclic conversion of heat into work.
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The second law constrains spontaneous processes and cyclic engines through entropy inequalities or equivalent Kelvin–Planck and Clausius statements.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
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