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The macroscopic theory of equilibrium states, state functions, reversible comparison paths, and constraints on processes. It is largely insensitive to microscopic constitution but correspondingly omits microscopic fluctuations and detailed relaxation dynamics.
wp-physics-thermodynamicswp-physics-thermodynamic-equilibriumtong-statistical-physicsEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The first law supplies the energy-balance constraint relating internal-energy change to heat and work transfers under a stated sign convention.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-laws-of-thermodynamicstong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The second law constrains spontaneous processes and cyclic engines through entropy inequalities or equivalent Kelvin–Planck and Clausius statements.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-laws-of-thermodynamicswp-physics-entropytong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Equilibrium thermodynamics retains macroscopic variables while microscopic degrees of freedom are averaged, traced over, or encoded in equations of state and potentials. Thermodynamics also remains an autonomous phenomenological theory.
The target retains the degrees of freedom and interactions relevant below a stated scale or within a stated regime, while higher-energy or unresolved degrees of freedom from the source are integrated out, coarse-grained, or encoded in effective couplings.
wp-physics-statistical-mechanicswp-physics-thermodynamicstong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The zeroth law supplies the equilibrium relation that makes empirical temperature comparison consistent.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-laws-of-thermodynamicswp-physics-temperaturetong-statistical-physicsEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Chemical thermodynamics specializes equilibrium thermodynamics by treating component amounts, reactions, mixing, phases, chemical potentials, and standard states explicitly.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
wp-physics-thermodynamicstong-statistical-physicswp-chem-chemical-thermodynamicsiupac-green-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Equilibrium thermodynamics supplies state variables, potentials, stability criteria, and phase coexistence conditions for macroscopic materials.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-thermodynamicswp-physics-condensed-mattertong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The Legendre transform is the thermodynamic potential natural to fixed temperature, volume, and particle number.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-helmholtz-free-energytong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Temperature is an intensive coordinate on equilibrium states and equalizes across a diathermal contact at mutual equilibrium.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-temperaturewp-physics-thermodynamic-equilibriumtong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Equilibrium thermodynamics introduces entropy as a state function constrained by reversible heat relations and the second law.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-entropywp-physics-laws-of-thermodynamicstong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Equilibrium thermodynamics describes admissible equilibrium states and process constraints for macroscopic systems without specifying their microscopic constitution.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-thermodynamicswp-physics-thermodynamic-systemtong-statistical-physics