Keyboard graph navigation: press N for concepts or E for relations; use arrow keys, Home, and End to move; Enter selects; Shift plus Enter selects and centers; plus and minus zoom; zero fits; Escape clears the selection. Use the visible viewport buttons as alternatives to dragging, wheel, and pinch gestures.
Canonical static concept record
Open this concept in the interactive graphRead the Markdown equivalent
An electron in an outer or chemically active shell whose occupancy participates in bonding, ion formation, or redox behavior.
wp-chem-periodic-tableopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-periodic-tableEach relation below ends at this concept.
No direct relations are authored in this direction.
Each relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Valence-electron occupancy constrains common bonding patterns, although valence is context-dependent and not a simple electron count in every compound.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-chem-periodic-tableopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-periodic-tableThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Valence electrons occupy bonding and antibonding states that determine covalent bond order and reactivity.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-chem-periodic-tableopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-periodic-tableThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Redox descriptions track changes in valence-electron assignment through oxidation states or half-reactions.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-chem-periodic-tableopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-periodic-table