Keyboard graph navigation: press N for concepts or E for relations; use arrow keys, Home, and End to move; Enter selects; Shift plus Enter selects and centers; plus and minus zoom; zero fits; Escape clears the selection. Use the visible viewport buttons as alternatives to dragging, wheel, and pinch gestures.
Canonical static concept record
Open this concept in the interactive graphRead the Markdown equivalent
The Hamiltonian describing nuclear and electronic kinetic energy plus electromagnetic interactions, with relativistic, finite-size, recoil, and QED refinements as required.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannlab-physics-hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopynist-atomic-wavefunctionsEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Nuclear recoil and mass-polarization terms are finite-nuclear-mass components of precision atomic Hamiltonians.
The source supplies a substantive formal ingredient, dynamical sector, law, field content, or mechanism of the target theoretical framework.
wp-physics-nuclear_recoilnist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Atomic Hamiltonians are low-energy bound-state descriptions matched to QED, with nuclear structure and weak/gravitational effects added when relevant.
The target retains the degrees of freedom and interactions relevant below a stated scale or within a stated regime, while higher-energy or unresolved degrees of freedom from the source are integrated out, coarse-grained, or encoded in effective couplings.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannlab-physics-hamiltonianwp-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsnlab-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An atomic Hamiltonian describes the internal dynamics and energy spectrum of an atom within its stated effective and approximation regime.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannlab-physics-hamiltonianwp-physics-atomnlab-physics-atomThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Fixing the nucleus is controlled by small electron-to-nuclear mass ratios, but precision work restores recoil and mass-polarization terms.
The target is recovered from the source either in a stated mathematical or asymptotic limit, or through a quantitatively controlled approximation with identified small parameters or omitted terms. The edge label and detail must state which case applies and its regime of validity.
wp-physics-infinite_nuclear_mass_approximationnist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannlab-physics-hamiltonianThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The Coulomb Hamiltonian is the leading nonrelativistic, instantaneous-interaction model when transverse-photon, relativistic, radiative, and finite-size effects are below the required accuracy. It may retain finite nuclear masses and recoil through the nuclear kinetic terms and reduced-mass separation.
The target is recovered from the source either in a stated mathematical or asymptotic limit, or through a quantitatively controlled approximation with identified small parameters or omitted terms. The edge label and detail must state which case applies and its regime of validity.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Relativistic atomic structure replaces or augments the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian with Dirac-based and QED-matched descriptions when or required precision makes relativistic effects important.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
wp-physics-relativistic_atomic_structurenist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannlab-physics-hamiltonian