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The compact positively charged core of an atom, ordinarily composed of protons and neutrons bound by residual strong interactions.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusdoe-nucleiiaea-ensdfEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electromagnetic repulsion among protons contributes to nuclear energies and limits heavy-nucleus stability.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-electromagnetic_interactiontong-emThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The unexpected backscattering required a compact concentration of positive charge and led to the nuclear atom.
The source experiment, observation, anomaly, or problem materially motivated the development, revision, or acceptance of the target concept. Historical influence is not logical derivation; the edge detail states the documented role and avoids retrospective origin myths.
wp-physics-geiger_marsden_gold_foil_experimentaps-rutherfordThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Neutrons are constituent nucleons of nuclei.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-neutronpdg-quark-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Proton Coulomb repulsion shifts nuclear energies and competes with nuclear attraction.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-residual_strong_interactionepelbaum-nuclear-eftnist-codatawp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusdoe-nucleiiaea-ensdfThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Effective nuclear forces bind many nuclei against nucleon separation, opposed by proton Coulomb repulsion and modified by quantum statistics.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-residual_strong_interactionnlab-physics-residual_strong_interactionThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An atomic nucleus is a nuclear many-body system with specified proton and neutron content.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusdoe-nucleiThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Protons are constituent nucleons of nuclei.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-protonpdg-quark-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Three-nucleon forces contribute to nuclear binding, spectra, and saturation.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-three_nucleon_forceepelbaum-nuclear-eftmachleidt-entem-nuclear-forceswp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusdoe-nucleiiaea-ensdfEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An atom contains one nucleus carrying almost all its mass and all positive charge.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomnlab-physics-atomwp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ordinary electronic materials contain nuclei, usually grouped with core electrons into effective ions, together with valence or conduction electrons. Nuclear internal structure is normally unresolved at condensed-matter energy scales.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The finite nuclear charge radius perturbs electronic wavefunctions and energy levels.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusdoe-nucleiiaea-ensdfwp-physics-finite_nuclear_size_effectnist-hydrogennist-codataThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Nuclear mass and charge distribution shift atomic transition frequencies across isotopes.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-isotope_shiftnist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Supply two light nuclei and their relative collision state to the fusion-channel junction.
Feed several structures into a construction junction and impose compatibility between them.
wp-physics-nuclear-fusiondoe-fusion-reactionsiaea-livechartThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A target nucleus that captures a neutron changes mass number by one and may populate an excited capture state whose de-excitation or decay depends on the nuclide.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
iaea-ensdfnuclear-data-bnlThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Neutron number counts nuclear neutrons.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-neutron_numberiupac-nuclidewp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Nuclear binding energy measures the mass-energy difference from separated nucleons.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-nuclear_binding_energyiaea-livechartwp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An energetically allowed heavy nucleus can fission spontaneously or after excitation, producing lighter fragments and typically neutrons and photons.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
wp-physics-nuclear-fissiondoe-nuclear-fissioniaea-livechartThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Each nucleus has ground, excited, resonant, and continuum states.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-nuclear_stateiaea-ensdfwp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Proton number counts nuclear protons.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-proton_numberiupac-nuclidewp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleusThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Unstable nuclei transform through radioactive decay channels permitted by interactions and energetics.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
wp-physics-radioactive_decayiaea-ensdfwp-physics-atomic_nucleusnlab-physics-atomic_nucleus