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A condensed system whose relevant microscopic constituents include electrons and ionic cores or nuclei coupled predominantly by electromagnetism, with chemical bonding and exchange organizing the material state.
wp-physics-condensed-matterwp-physics-many_body_quantum_mechanicstong-solid-state-physicsmit-theory-of-solidsEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ordinary electronic materials contain nuclei, usually grouped with core electrons into effective ions, together with valence or conduction electrons. Nuclear internal structure is normally unresolved at condensed-matter energy scales.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomic_nucleuswp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electronic condensed matter is a central class of systems studied using quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and material-specific structure.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsmit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electromagnetic interactions among electrons and nuclei underlie ordinary binding and electronic response in condensed matter, although effective low-energy models may encode screening, exchange, and lattice-mediated interactions rather than retain the bare Coulomb form.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-electromagnetic_interactionwp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electrons are microscopic constituents of ordinary electronic condensed matter. Their charge, fermionic statistics, interactions, and coupling to ionic cores jointly shape bonding, transport, magnetism, and collective phases.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-electronwp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsmit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ordinary electronic condensed matter is a quantum many-body system of electrons and ionic cores or nuclei, commonly treated with effective low-energy degrees of freedom.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-many_body_quantum_mechanicswp-physics-condensed-mattermit-theory-of-solidsEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A band insulator is the material class whose occupied and unoccupied one-particle bands are separated by a gap at the relevant integer filling.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-electrical-insulatorwp-physics-band-structuretong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Within a band or Fermi-liquid description, a material is metallic when charged excitations remain available arbitrarily close to the chemical potential.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-electrical-conductorwp-physics-band-structuretong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A crystalline solid is an electronic condensed-matter system whose equilibrium structure has long-range translational order, up to real defects and finite domains.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-crystal-structurewp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Hohenberg–Kohn theory recasts the ground-state electronic problem in the density in principle; practical Kohn–Sham calculations depend on approximate exchange–correlation functionals and chosen ionic models.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-density_functional_theoryaps-hohenberg-kohnaps-kohn-shammit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
For interacting fermionic phases adiabatically connected to a Fermi gas, high-energy details are encoded in quasiparticle parameters and residual interactions near the Fermi surface. Non-Fermi-liquid phases are excluded.
The target retains the degrees of freedom and interactions relevant below a stated scale or within a stated regime, while higher-energy or unresolved degrees of freedom from the source are integrated out, coarse-grained, or encoded in effective couplings.
wp-physics-fermi-liquidwp-physics-quasiparticlemit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The Hubbard model idealizes selected electronic bands by hopping and local interactions. It may be derived after projection in favorable cases but is often used phenomenologically without a universal error bound.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-hubbard-modelwp-physics-many_body_quantum_mechanicsmit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Exchange, spin–orbit coupling, itinerant-electron energetics, and lattice structure can collectively stabilize ordered magnetic phases; no single mechanism applies to every magnet.
The target is a collective, organizational, or scale-dependent phenomenon of the source constituents and interactions; it is not a mere list or classical sum of constituents.
wp-physics-magnetismwp-physics-condensed-mattermit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Many-body interactions and entropy can collectively produce structural, magnetic, superconducting, and other phase transitions as external controls vary.
The target is a collective, organizational, or scale-dependent phenomenon of the source constituents and interactions; it is not a mere list or classical sum of constituents.
wp-physics-phase-transitionwp-physics-condensed-mattertong-statistical-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Semiconductors are electronic materials with a moderate band gap and carrier populations that can be controlled by temperature, light, doping, gates, or injection.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-semiconductorwp-physics-band-structuretong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Interacting electronic matter can develop a phase-coherent paired state with superconducting electromagnetic response; the pairing mechanism is material dependent.
The target is a collective, organizational, or scale-dependent phenomenon of the source constituents and interactions; it is not a mere list or classical sum of constituents.
wp-physics-superconductivitywp-physics-condensed-mattermit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A two-dimensional electron gas specializes an electronic condensed-matter system by strong confinement in one direction, leaving only subband-resolved in-plane motion at relevant energies.
A more specific theory, model, entity class, or regime is obtained by restricting or extending the scope of a broader framework.
tong-solid-state-physicstong-quantum-hall