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The lightest charged lepton, with negative elementary electric charge and spin one-half.
wp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronpdg-rppnist-codataEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Beta-minus decay produces an electron.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
wp-physics-beta_decayiaea-ensdfpdg-standard-modelwp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronpdg-rppnist-codataThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electron is a charged lepton.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronwp-physics-leptoncern-standard-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
This particle belongs to the first fermion generation.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronwp-physics-fermion_generationcern-standard-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The electron is the lightest charged lepton.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
cern-standard-modelpdg-rppwp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronwp-physics-leptonThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
QED describes electron and positron fields interacting with the electromagnetic field.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
cern-qft-introwp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronwp-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsnlab-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A neutral atom contains electrons bound to a nucleus of charge .
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-atomnlab-physics-atomwp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
In an electronic superconductor, a Cooper pair is built from two correlated fermionic electron quasiparticle states near the Fermi surface; it is not a new elementary particle or ordinarily a tightly localized molecule.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-electronwp-physics-cooper-pairaps-cooper-pairsaps-bcs-theoryThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
This particle carries the indicated electromagnetic charge.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronwp-physics-electric_chargepdg-standard-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electron capture consumes an atomic electron in a charged-current nuclear process.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-electronnlab-physics-electronpdg-rppnist-codatawp-physics-electron_captureiaea-ensdfpdg-standard-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electrons are microscopic constituents of ordinary electronic condensed matter. Their charge, fermionic statistics, interactions, and coupling to ionic cores jointly shape bonding, transport, magnetism, and collective phases.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-electronwp-physics-condensed-mattertong-solid-state-physicsmit-theory-of-solidsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Combined with charge-to-mass measurements, the oil-drop result fixed the electron’s charge and mass scale.
The source theory, law, entity, prediction, or structural claim is directly tested, supported, constrained, or established by the target experiment or observation. Experimental support is not final logical proof; the edge detail states exactly what was measured.
wp-physics-millikan_oil_drop_experimentnist-historical-constantsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Deflection of cathode rays established a universal negatively charged subatomic particle.
The source theory, law, entity, prediction, or structural claim is directly tested, supported, constrained, or established by the target experiment or observation. Experimental support is not final logical proof; the edge detail states exactly what was measured.
wp-physics-thomson_cathode_ray_experimentsnobel-thomson