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A kinetic current–overpotential relation for a specified electrode reaction that combines anodic and cathodic exponential terms, subject to its exchange-current, transfer-coefficient, interfacial, and transport assumptions.
wp-chem-electrochemistryopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookmit-ocw-butler-volmerEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The Butler–Volmer equation realizes a common activation-controlled electrode-kinetics model; it must be qualified or extended when mass transport, ohmic loss, adsorption, film growth, multiple steps, or nonideal interfaces dominate.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-chem-electrochemistryopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookmit-ocw-butler-volmerEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Under its stated assumptions, the equation relates activation overpotential to the net current through anodic and cathodic partial-current terms; measured overpotential can also include transport and resistive contributions outside that relation.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-chem-electrochemistryopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookmit-ocw-butler-volmer