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A stabilizing interaction between atoms or groups of atoms that supports formation of a molecular entity, arising from quantum states of electrons and nuclei coupled electromagnetically.
Covalent, ionic, metallic, and other bonding descriptions emphasize different regimes; a chemical bond is not a separate fundamental force.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondnist-quantum-theoryEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Chemical bonding arises from the quantum-mechanical electromagnetic interaction of electrons and nuclei, including exchange and correlation effects; it is not an additional fundamental interaction.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondwp-physics-electromagnetic_interactionnist-quantum-theorytong-emThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Molecular-orbital theory describes bonding through occupations of orbitals extending over the molecular framework.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Nonrelativistic many-body quantum mechanics with electromagnetic interactions explains molecular binding surfaces and bond-dependent spectra, with relativistic and QED corrections needed at higher precision or nuclear charge.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondnist-quantum-theorywp-physics-quantum_mechanicsnlab-physics-quantum_mechanicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Valence-bond theory describes bonds through spin-coupled localized configurations and resonance, with quantitative accuracy depending on the wavefunction expansion.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Bond order is a model-dependent descriptor of a chemical bond; formal, valence-bond, molecular-orbital, and density-based definitions need not yield the same value.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Covalent bonding is a major chemical-bond regime characterized by shared and delocalized electron density; real bonds can mix covalent, ionic, and other character.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals, and related bonding regimes can stabilize crystalline structures. A chemical bond is an effective description of electromagnetic quantum interactions, not an additional fundamental force.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondwp-physics-crystal-structuretong-solid-state-physicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Hydrogen bonding is an attractive, directional interaction involving a hydrogen atom bound to an electronegative partner and another electron-rich site, with strength and covalency varying by system.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Ionic bonding describes electrostatic stabilization in charge-separated structures, with polarization, covalency, lattice geometry, and environment determining the realized character.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Interatomic binding can produce a stable molecular entity; the electronic and nuclear quantum state determines its geometry, dissociation channels, and spectra.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondiupac-moleculenist-quantum-theory