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An electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom; its bound structure and spectra arise from quantum states of electrons and nuclei.
wp-physics-moleculenlab-moleculeiupac-moleculeEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Molecules are not classical sums of pre-existing intact atoms; their nuclei and electrons form a joint quantum bound state conventionally described by atomic composition.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-moleculeiupac-moleculewp-physics-atomnlab-physics-atomThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Interatomic binding can produce a stable molecular entity; the electronic and nuclear quantum state determines its geometry, dissociation channels, and spectra.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondiupac-chemical-bondiupac-moleculenist-quantum-theoryThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Molecular entities are a central class of chemical species.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-chem-stoichiometryopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Shared electron density can stabilize nuclei in a molecular entity; many bonds have mixed covalent, ionic, and multicenter character.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-chemical-bondopenstax-chemistry-2eiupac-gold-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Molecular binding arises from quantum states of electrons and nuclei interacting electromagnetically, together with nuclear motion and symmetry constraints.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
iupac-moleculenist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-moleculewp-physics-electromagnetic_interactiontong-emThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Molecular electronic, vibrational, and rotational states are quantum mechanical; practical calculations use controlled approximations such as Born–Oppenheimer separation.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
iupac-moleculenist-quantum-theorywp-physics-moleculewp-physics-quantum_mechanicsnlab-physics-quantum_mechanicsEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Removing an electron from, or attaching an electron to, a molecule produces a molecular ion.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
iupac-ioniupac-ionizationiupac-moleculewp-physics-ionwp-physics-moleculeThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An isolated molecule has rotational degrees of freedom whose quantized level pattern depends on nuclear geometry and masses; symmetry, vibration–rotation coupling, fields, collisions, and condensed environments modify the ideal rigid-rotor description.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-moleculenlab-moleculewp-chem-quantum-chemistryiupac-green-bookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
A molecular entity is assigned a structure comprising connectivity, nuclear geometry, conformation, and electronic organization at a stated resolution and time scale.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-moleculeiupac-moleculewp-chem-molecular-graphiupac-gold-book