Keyboard graph navigation: press N for concepts or E for relations; use arrow keys, Home, and End to move; Enter selects; Shift plus Enter selects and centers; plus and minus zoom; zero fits; Escape clears the selection. Use the visible viewport buttons as alternatives to dragging, wheel, and pinch gestures.
Canonical static concept record
Open this concept in the interactive graphRead the Markdown equivalent
An atom with two or more electrons, requiring antisymmetrization and treatment of electron–electron interaction and correlation.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopynist-atomic-wavefunctionsEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Most neutral atoms have several interacting electrons.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
wp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-atomnlab-physics-atomThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electron–electron repulsion makes the atomic problem genuinely many-body.
The source field, particle, charge, current, or interaction couples to, acts on, binds, forms, or stabilizes the target in the stated regime. The edge label and detail must identify the exact coupling, interaction, or binding claim and its qualifications.
wp-physics-electron_electron_coulomb_interactionnist-atomic-spectroscopynist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-atomic_hamiltonianEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
In many-electron atoms, orbitals are basis or mean-field functions used to construct antisymmetric states; they are not separately exact electron states in general.
The target represents a state, property, observable, or state-dependent description associated with the source system or theory.
wp-physics-atomic_orbitalwp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Central-field models average nonspherical and correlation effects into a radial one-electron potential.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-central_field_approximationnist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-atomic_hamiltonianThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Hohenberg–Kohn theory gives an exact ground-state density formulation in principle; practical Kohn–Sham calculations depend on approximate exchange–correlation functionals.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-density_functional_theorynist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyaps-hohenberg-kohnaps-kohn-shamThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Hartree–Fock is a variational restriction to a single Slater determinant; it gives an upper bound within that ansatz but omits correlation beyond the determinant and is not generally controlled by a universal small parameter.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-hartree_fock_methodnist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Hartree theory restricts the many-electron wavefunction to a product of orbitals.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-hartree_methodnist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Independent-particle models neglect explicit correlated motion beyond an average field, while enforcing fermion antisymmetry as appropriate.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-atomic_orbitalnist-atomic-wavefunctionswp-physics-atomic_hamiltoniannist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
coupling is useful when individual spin–orbit couplings dominate residual interelectronic angular coupling.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-ls_couplingnist-atomic-spectroscopyThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
LS coupling is useful when electrostatic interactions dominate individual spin–orbit couplings in a many-electron atom.
The target is a model, idealization, restricted ansatz, approximation scheme, phenomenological fit, or historical representation used for the source system or theory. It need not have a universal small error parameter and is not thereby a controlled limit or effective theory. The edge label and detail must identify the precise status.
wp-physics-ls_couplingnist-atomic-spectroscopy