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The massless spin-one gauge boson of unbroken electromagnetic . Photon excitations form electromagnetic radiation states, and photon propagators organize electromagnetic interactions in perturbative QED.
wp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonpdg-rpptong-qftEach relation below ends at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Electroweak mixing leaves the photon massless as the gauge boson of unbroken electromagnetism.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
pdg-standard-modelcern-higgswp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonwp-physics-electroweak_theoryThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
In the radiative branch of nuclear gamma de-excitation, the nucleus emits a photon; internal conversion is a competing nonradiative channel.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
wp-physics-gamma_decayiaea-ensdfnist-atomic-spectroscopywp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonpdg-rpptong-qftThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The photon is the gauge boson of electromagnetism.
The target is a member or subtype of the broader source class.
cern-standard-modelwp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonwp-physics-gauge_bosonnlab-physics-gauge_bosonThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Einstein’s light-quantum explanation accounted for the threshold and energy relation and helped establish the photon concept.
The source experiment, observation, anomaly, or problem materially motivated the development, revision, or acceptance of the target concept. Historical influence is not logical derivation; the edge detail states the documented role and avoids retrospective origin myths.
wp-physics-photoelectric_effect_experimentsnobel-photoelectricnist-historical-constantsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The photon is the quantum excitation of the electromagnetic gauge field.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
wp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonwp-physics-electromagnetic_fieldpdg-standard-modelThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The photon is the gauge quantum of QED.
A theory, law, or interaction describes the behavior of the target within a stated regime. The edge detail must state important limits or qualifications.
cern-qft-introwp-physics-photonnlab-physics-photonwp-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsnlab-physics-quantum_electrodynamicsThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Raman spectroscopy detects photons produced by inelastic light scattering whose frequency shifts encode molecular excitations; most incident photons scatter elastically and fluorescence can obscure the signal.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
wp-chem-quantum-chemistryiupac-green-booknist-chemistry-webbookThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
An ordinary allowed one-photon radiative atomic decay produces a photon together with atomic recoil and finite linewidth; higher-order channels can emit two or more photons.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
nist-atomic-spectroscopytong-qftThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Stimulated emission increases the occupation of the coupled radiation mode; an exact photon-number statement depends on the field state.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
nist-atomic-spectroscopytong-qftEach relation below starts at this concept.
This is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
In a single-photon absorption channel, the material system removes one photon while gaining its energy and momentum, subject to selection rules; multiphoton absorption is a distinct higher-order process.
A physical process transforms the source into, or produces, the target under the conditions stated in the edge detail.
nist-atomic-spectroscopytong-qftThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
The wavelength shift follows energy–momentum conservation for photons scattering from electrons.
The source theory, law, entity, prediction, or structural claim is directly tested, supported, constrained, or established by the target experiment or observation. Experimental support is not final logical proof; the edge detail states exactly what was measured.
wp-physics-compton_scattering_experimentnobel-comptonThis is an authored directed relation from the source endpoint to the target endpoint.
Definite-number radiation states contain photon excitations; classical coherent radiation generally has no definite photon number.
The source is a material constituent, structural component, or underlying quantum field whose excitation realizes the target physical system or particle. The edge label and detail must distinguish composition from field excitation; neither implies a simple classical sum of parts.
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